Collected here are references that support the contention that the JPEG2000 digital image compression standard is suitable for adoption by the Planetary Data System (PDS) for the storage and dissemination of HiRISE image data products. These references are not exhaustive of what is available, instead they provide a good starting point for understanding JPEG2000 and lead to a large volume of technical literature and sources of software. Overview - The ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG1 is the International Standards Organization committee established to develop standards for image compression. Their JPEG2000 standard (http://www.jpeg.org/CDs15444.html) is comprised of numerous parts: Part 1 - Core coding system Part 2 - Extensions Part 3 - Motion JPEG2000 Part 4 - Conformance testing Part 5 - Reference software Part 6 - Compound image file format Part 8 - JPSEC: security aspects Part 9 - JPIP: Interactivity tools, APIs and protocols Part 10 - JP3D: volumetric imaging Part 11 - JPWL: wireless applications Part 12 - ISO Base Media File Format Of particular interest to the HiRISE project is Part 1, the core coding system. In August, 2000 it reached Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) status (ISO/IEC 15444-1:2000; The Final Committee Draft version is available at http://www.jpeg.org/public/fcd15444-1.pdf, the latest versions of the standards documents must be ordered from ISO). This specification provides for an efficient, loss-less digital image data compression technique with four main elements: Encoder: A process to transform input digital source image data and parameter specifications to output compressed image data. Decoder: A process to transform input compressed image data and parameter specifications to output reconstructed digital image data. Codestream syntax: A compressed image data representation that includes all parameter specifications used in the encoding process. Optional file format: A data storage structure for the exchange of compressed data between application environments. From the Final Committee Draft (FCD), General description: "This specification describes an image compression system that allows great flexibility, not only for the compression of images, but also for the access into the compressed data. The codestream provides a number of mechanisms for locating and extracting data for the purpose of retransmission, storage, display, or editing. This access allows storage and retrieval of data appropriate for a given application, without decoding. "The division of the both original data and the compressed data in a number of ways leads to the ability to extract data from the compressed codestream to form a reconstructed image with lower resolution or lower bit-rate, or regions of the original images. This allows the matching of a codestream to the transmission channel, storage device, or display device, regardless of the size, number of components, and sample precision of the original image. The codestream can be manipulated without decoding to achieve a more efficient arrangement for a given application. "Thus, the sophisticated features of this specification allow a single codestream to be used efficiently by a number of applications. The largest image source devices can provide a codestream that is easily processed for the smallest image display device, for example." Technical information - There are many sources of information about JPEG2000. Beyond the official site (http://www.jpeg.org/JPEG2000.html), a good overview site is DataCompression.info (http://datacompression.info/JPEG2000.shtml) which includes lists of software sources. Of the many publications concerning JPEG2000, the article "JPEG2000: Standard for Interactive Imaging" by David S. Taubman and Michael W. Marcellin (Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 90, no. 8, August 2002), technical contributors to the standard, offers a tutorial-style review. Taubman (Senior Lecturer in Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications at the University of New South Wales) and Marcellin (Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Arizona) have also written a book - "JPEG2000: Image Compression Fundamentals, Standards, and Practice" (Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science) - that is a key reference. Another source of information are the web sites of JPEG2000 software distributors. Software sources - Of particular interest to the PDS standards committee is Part 5, the reference software. There are two official implementations: JJ2000 (http://jpeg2000.epfl.ch/), which provides a Java API with encoder, decoder and embedded image viewer plus a GUI application; and JasPer (http://www.ece.uvic.ca/~mdadams/jasper/), which provides a C API and several applications including a transcoder and GUI viewer. Both implementations include the source code and documentation. There are an increasing number of JPEG2000 software distributors (see, for example, the DataCompression.info site) that provide commercial and/or free distributions; decoders, viewers and plug-ins for browsers are often provided at no charge by commercial companies (e.g. Apple's Quicktime 6.3: http://www.apple.com/quicktime/products/qt/). As expected, vendors are offering features that extend beyond the reference implementations. For example, Kakadu Software (http://www.kakadusoftware.com/), founded by David Taubman, provides optimized performance and an implementation of Part 9 (JPIP) in support of client-server application development. Hardware implementations of the JPEG2000 codec are also being produced; e.g. the DSW2000S "Cheetah" chip from DSPworx (http://www.dspworx.com/), and the ADV202 video codec chip from Analog Devices (http://www.analogdevices.com/), amongst others. One interesting development is that JPEG2000 support for Sun's Java Advanced Imaging (JAI) API (http://java.sun.com/products/java-media/jai/) is now available (though this should not be too surprising since JPL is very much involved with Sun in the development of this technology). It is worth noting that the THEMIS jmars software developed at Arizona State University (http://jmars.asu.edu/), which is expected to be the basis for the HiRISE target planning tool, uses JAI for in its implementation. Bradford Castalia Senior Systems Analyst Castalia@Arizona.edu Planetary Image Research Laboratory 520-621-4824 Department of Planetary Sciences 1629 E. University Blvd. University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721-0092